nginx反向代理配置及優(yōu)化_Web服務(wù)器教程
前言:
由于服務(wù)器apache抗不住目前的并發(fā).加上前端squid配置后,問題依然無(wú)法解決.而頁(yè)面程序大部分是動(dòng)態(tài).無(wú)法使用fastcgi來(lái)處理.因此想使用nginx做為反向代理apache.整個(gè)配置安裝過(guò)程很簡(jiǎn)單.在考慮高并發(fā)的情況下,在安裝前就做了些優(yōu)化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并發(fā).好像不是特別大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是還有少量499問題..期待有人跟我討論解決
第1部分:安裝
1 建立用戶及組
2 安裝pcre 讓nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需
3 安裝nginx
#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 這是編譯器優(yōu)化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面對(duì)應(yīng)CPU的型號(hào),可參照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG
第2部分:配置及優(yōu)化配置文件
1 nginx.conf 配置文件:
2 upstream.conf 配置文件(這也是做負(fù)載的配置方法)
3 站點(diǎn)配置文件
#參數(shù)都有所調(diào)整.目的是解決代理過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的一些502 499錯(cuò)誤
注:第二種代理方式
nginx 處理下圖片,html等靜態(tài)的東西.其它動(dòng)態(tài)由apache處理.因此apache也需要做一些參數(shù)調(diào)整.
設(shè)置圖片等過(guò)期時(shí)間.緩解請(qǐng)求.
如果源與nginx在同一臺(tái)機(jī)器建議使用如下方法:
針對(duì)不同的目錄進(jìn)行代理把下面的配置放到根目錄代理的上面
4 源配置
第3部分:源的優(yōu)化
1 apache-mpm.conf
2 apache-keepalive
Timeout 120 #與nginx的保持一至
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 400
KeepAliveTimeout 7
第4部分:PHP的優(yōu)化
優(yōu)化一:將PHP由之前的xcache換成eaccelerator
1 安裝
注:PHP路徑以安裝為準(zhǔn)!
2 配置
配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
優(yōu)化二:聯(lián)系開發(fā)重新編譯php減少php的模塊.以減少php進(jìn)程所占用內(nèi)存數(shù).這塊盡管影響不大,但也有一定的作用.編譯前也可以參照nginx的編譯器優(yōu)化方式安裝.
第5部分:測(cè)試并啟動(dòng)nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
第6部分:nginx日志切割腳本
crontab -e
由于服務(wù)器apache抗不住目前的并發(fā).加上前端squid配置后,問題依然無(wú)法解決.而頁(yè)面程序大部分是動(dòng)態(tài).無(wú)法使用fastcgi來(lái)處理.因此想使用nginx做為反向代理apache.整個(gè)配置安裝過(guò)程很簡(jiǎn)單.在考慮高并發(fā)的情況下,在安裝前就做了些優(yōu)化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并發(fā).好像不是特別大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是還有少量499問題..期待有人跟我討論解決
第1部分:安裝
1 建立用戶及組
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
2 安裝pcre 讓nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install
3 安裝nginx
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.58/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron
make && make install
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.58/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron
make && make install
#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 這是編譯器優(yōu)化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面對(duì)應(yīng)CPU的型號(hào),可參照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG
第2部分:配置及優(yōu)化配置文件
1 nginx.conf 配置文件:
user www www;
worker_processes 4;
# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
source_charset GB2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 256k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
#size limits
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
#參數(shù)都有所調(diào)整.目的是解決代理過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的一些502 499錯(cuò)誤
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 120; #參數(shù)加大,以解決做代理時(shí)502錯(cuò)誤
tcp_nodelay on;
include vhosts/upstream.conf;
include vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf;
}
worker_processes 4;
# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
source_charset GB2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 256k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
#size limits
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
#參數(shù)都有所調(diào)整.目的是解決代理過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的一些502 499錯(cuò)誤
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 120; #參數(shù)加大,以解決做代理時(shí)502錯(cuò)誤
tcp_nodelay on;
include vhosts/upstream.conf;
include vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf;
}
2 upstream.conf 配置文件(這也是做負(fù)載的配置方法)
upstream.conf
upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {
server 192.168.1.4:8099;
}
upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {
server 192.168.1.4:8099;
}
3 站點(diǎn)配置文件
bbs.linuxtone.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.linuxtone.conf;
charset GB2312;
index index.html index.htm;
root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
location / {
root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_connect_timeout 30;
proxy_send_timeout 30;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
proxy_pass http://bbs.linuxtone.com;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.linuxtone.conf;
charset GB2312;
index index.html index.htm;
root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
location / {
root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_connect_timeout 30;
proxy_send_timeout 30;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
proxy_pass http://bbs.linuxtone.com;
}
#參數(shù)都有所調(diào)整.目的是解決代理過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的一些502 499錯(cuò)誤
#Add expires header for static content
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {
if (-f $request_filename) {
root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
expires 1d;
break;
}
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log access;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {
if (-f $request_filename) {
root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
expires 1d;
break;
}
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log access;
}
注:第二種代理方式
nginx 處理下圖片,html等靜態(tài)的東西.其它動(dòng)態(tài)由apache處理.因此apache也需要做一些參數(shù)調(diào)整.
設(shè)置圖片等過(guò)期時(shí)間.緩解請(qǐng)求.
如果源與nginx在同一臺(tái)機(jī)器建議使用如下方法:
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.4:8099/;
proxy_redirect default ;
}
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.4:8099/;
proxy_redirect default ;
}
針對(duì)不同的目錄進(jìn)行代理把下面的配置放到根目錄代理的上面
location /linuxtone/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;
proxy_redirect default ;
}
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;
proxy_redirect default ;
}
4 源配置
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.4:8099>
ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com
DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone
ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com
ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log
CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined
</VirtualHost>
ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com
DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone
ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com
ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log
CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined
</VirtualHost>
第3部分:源的優(yōu)化
1 apache-mpm.conf
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
StartServers 15
MinSpareServers 15
MaxSpareServers 30
ServerLimit 2536
MaxClients 2048
MaxRequestsPerChild 1500
</IfModule>
StartServers 15
MinSpareServers 15
MaxSpareServers 30
ServerLimit 2536
MaxClients 2048
MaxRequestsPerChild 1500
</IfModule>
2 apache-keepalive
Timeout 120 #與nginx的保持一至
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 400
KeepAliveTimeout 7
第4部分:PHP的優(yōu)化
優(yōu)化一:將PHP由之前的xcache換成eaccelerator
1 安裝
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config
make
make install
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config
make
make install
注:PHP路徑以安裝為準(zhǔn)!
2 配置
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini
配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
優(yōu)化二:聯(lián)系開發(fā)重新編譯php減少php的模塊.以減少php進(jìn)程所占用內(nèi)存數(shù).這塊盡管影響不大,但也有一定的作用.編譯前也可以參照nginx的編譯器優(yōu)化方式安裝.
第5部分:測(cè)試并啟動(dòng)nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
第6部分:nginx日志切割腳本
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
crontab -e
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
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Web服務(wù)器教程-nginx反向代理配置及優(yōu)化
。